At Braun Intertec, our consultants practice eight non-negotiables that are the core of our safety program. These eight non-negotiables are to be followed at all times to ensure that our employee owners have safety at the forefront of what they do. These non-negotiables lay the groundwork for每日的operations and are designed so that if, at a minimum, they are followed, there is a high likelihood of completing the job at hand safely.
其中一个不可协商的问题是“为工作使用正确的工具”。它简短，简单，切中要害，适用于各种布劳恩国际贸易公司的服务线。这适用于岩土工程测试、钻探、修复和建筑材料测试等物理服务，适用于我们的检查、监测和评估服务以及我们的日常办公工作。manbet体育滚球manbet万博appmanbetx手机网
Each workplace has specific practices that carry a unique set of hazards — with some bearing more catastrophic risk than others. For companies whose facilities face the risk of unexpected releases of toxic, reactive, or flammable liquids and gases in processes involving highly hazardous chemicals, OSHA has issued the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemical standard (29 CFR 1910.119). 本法规调查了涉及高度危险化学品的处理、使用、储存、移动或制造的所有过程，并用作综合分析工具，整合了管理实践、日常程序、工具和技术。
One of the most important elements of process safety management is a process hazard analysis (PHA). A PHA is a set of systematically designed assessments, by employers, of potential hazards associated with the processing and handling of highly hazardous chemicals in the industrial process. This can include major hazardous chemical spills, smaller chemical releases, fires, and explosions. PHA can have various methods which are used to design distinct solutions to specific high-risk scenarios possible in the workplace.
可用于执行PHA的几种方法和相关工具包括：
- What-if method
- 检查表
- “假设”清单
- 危险与可操作性（HAZOP）方法
- Failure Method and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
- Fault Tree Analysis (FHA)
While the various PHA methods are all essentially variations of “what-if” questions that direct discussion, some prefer to use a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) approach; some prefer the what-if checklist/assessment approach; and others prefer the Failure Method and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method among others. Over the past few years, Braun Intertec has begun using a combination of the HAZOP and what-if checklist approach and it has proven to be an effective and complementary duo for identifying hazards, potential outcomes, safeguards, and ranking risk. We will discuss these two approaches in this blog.
HAZOP
HAZOP方法是一个系统的程序，它使用引导词来帮助激发对话和调查偏离“规范”或操作故障事件。HAZOP方法可用于大多数任何过程。讨论从偏差或缺陷开始，然后PHA团队详细说明发生偏差时的结果、控制和风险。
“What-If” Checklist
假设检查表方法使用问题来确定后果或危险。HAZOP和假设检查表方法都确定了预防后果的保障措施，并提供了建议。这两种方法都允许使用类似于以下风险矩阵的风险矩阵，按可能性和严重程度对危害或后果进行风险排序：
HAZOP的缺点和假设清单
假设检查表方法的一个缺点是，它只解决团队提出的问题，并且需要了解流程才能提出适用的问题。此外，HAZOP方法可能无法识别与设施选址相关的危险。
Another issue that can come up when performing the PHA is appropriately adjusting the risk of an activity based on the safeguards in place. For this case, we like to use a risk modifier that lowers the associated risk based on the controls in place. Therefore, an identified hazard with no safeguards may have a much higher risk than one with engineering and administrative safeguards in place. This can also take the ambiguity out of lowering risk based on likelihood and severity, since these will stay the same only the risk modifier is changed. Using the risk matrix above, the table below shows how the risk modifier can be used:
There are many tools available to conduct your PHA and depending on your process, you may determine one tool works better than others. Additionally, you may be able to find generic what-if checklist questions to get you started.
除了HAZOP和假设清单方法外，还有许多不同的工具可用于完成PHA。了解正在评估的流程、客户、期望和客户的风险承受能力在您开始和推进PHA时非常重要。布劳恩Intertec可以帮助您与您的PHA和帮助您选择合适的工具的工作。manbet体育滚球
Join us for our environmental webinar, RMP/PSM: Identifying the Likelihood of Hazardous Events in Your Facility, on November 19th withConan Reed, GSP和Nick Foreman, CSP，我们将讨论PSM/RMP计划、审核和培训、实施和最佳方法，以减少危险和停机时间，同时优化日常运营中的生产力和安全性。